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Record 1 of 11

Author(s): Eilders C; Luter A

Title: Germany at war - Competing framing strategies in German public discourse

Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 2000, Vol 15, Iss 3, pp 415-428

Abstract: This research note deals with the role of the media in assigning legitimacy to Germany's

first participation in military action since the end of the Second World War. A content analysis of

the war discourse in the editorials of the five leading German newspapers investigates the range of

evaluations of the Kosovo war. Employing the concept of framing, a variety of competing diagnostic,

prognostic and identity-related interpretations were identified. Controversial debate emerged around

the procedural aspects of warfare. While the conservative papers emphasized the military options, the

liberal papers directed attention to humanitarian and diplomatic efforts. Yet, the legitimacy of the

war was hardly contested in any of the national prestige papers. These findings support the basic

assumptions of the indexing thesis since the high degree of consent in the media system reflects the

lack of substantial conflict in the German party system.

Source item page count: 14

Publication Date: SEP

IDS No.: 354PU

29-char source abbrev: EUR J COMMUN

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Record 2 of 11

Author(s): Gartner SS; Segura GM

Title: War, casualties, and public opinion

Source: JOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION 1998, Vol 42, Iss 3, pp 278-300

Abstract: The authors begin the construction of a generalizable theory of casualties and opinion,

reexamining the logic employed by Mueller and showing that although human costs are an important

predictor of wartime opinion, Mueller's operationalization of those costs solely as the log of

cumulative national casualties is problematic and incomplete. The authors argue that temporally

proximate costs, captured as marginal casualty figures, are an important additional aspect of human

costs and a critical factor in determining wartime opinion. Using Mueller's data on opinion in the

Vietnam and Korean wars, the authors find that marginal casualties are important in explaining

opinion when casualty accumulation is accelerating, and earlier findings about the importance and

generalizability of the log of cumulative casualties as the sole casualty-based predictor of opinion

are overstated. Finally, the authors offer some thoughts about other factors that should be

considered when building a model of war deaths and domestic opinion.

Source item page count: 23

Publication Date: JUN

IDS No.: ZN082

29-char source abbrev: J CONFLICT RESOLUT

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Record 3 of 11

Author(s): Gartner SS; Segura GM

Title: Race, casualties, and opinion in the Vietnam War

Source: JOURNAL OF POLITICS 2000, Vol 62, Iss 1, pp 115-146

Abstract: The wartime roles of race and public opinion represent contested issues in the growing

literature on war and domestic politics, especially in studies of the Vietnam War. We develop a

"modified sociotropic" approach that allows us to examine three sets of propositions about the

influence of race on individual opinion of the Vietnam War. (1) The race of citizens affects their

opinion. (2) The race of respondents influences their sensitivity to casualties. (3) A citizen is

more sensitive to casualties from his or her own racial group and less sensitive to casualties of

other groups. We test these propositions with data from eight pooled surveys of 6,300 Californians

during the Vietnam War and racially disaggregated proximate wartime casualties. We find that

African-Americans do not differ significantly from whites in their approval early on, but are

significantly less likely to support the war in the latter stages. However, both whites and blacks

largely react similarly to proximate casualties, whether or not they share racial traits with the

casualties. People's attitudes ape influenced by the number of people that die in their locality, but

neither the race of the respondent not the combination of the respondent's race and that of the local

casualties significantly modifies that relationship.

Source item page count: 32

Publication Date: FEB

IDS No.: 301WR

29-char source abbrev: J POLIT

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Record 4 of 11

Author(s): Hertog JK

Title: Elite press coverage of the 1986 US-Libya conflict: A case study of tactical and strategic

critique

Source: JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY 2000, Vol 77, Iss 3, pp 612-627

Abstract: This research tests the effects of press professionalism, administration press management,

and public patriotism on coverage of the 1986 U.S.-Libya crisis by the Associated Press, Washington

Post, New York Times, nad Los Angeles Times. Patterns of "tactical" (small-scale,

efficiency-oriented) and "strategic" ( overarching, ethical) critique during periods of low-,

medium-, and high-intensity conflict are reviewed. Tactical opposition to both the Reagan

administration and the Qaddafi regime slightly outweighs support, while strategic critique of 65

percent pro- Reagan administration but only 14 percent pro-Qaddafi regime. Support foe the U.S.

administration declines during intense conflict. The pattern of findings supports administration

press management.

Source item page count: 16

Publication Date: FAL

IDS No.: 388BG

29-char source abbrev: JOURNALISM MASS COMMUN

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Record 5 of 11

Author(s): Malinkina OV; McLeod DM

Title: From Afghanistan to Chechnya: New coverage by Izvestia and the New York Times

Source: JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY 2000, Vol 77, Iss 1, pp 37-49

Abstract: This study analyzed newspaper coverage conflicts in Afghanistan and Chechnya by the New

York Times and the Russian newspaper Izvestia to examine the impact of political change on news

coverage. The Soviet Union's dissolution included dramatic changes to the Russian media system. In

addition, the dissipation of the Cold War changed the foreign policy of the United States. A content

analysis revealed that the changes to the media system in Russia had a profound impact on Izvestia's

coverage, but political changes had little impact on the New York Times' coverage.

Source item page count: 13

Publication Date: SPR

IDS No.: 331GQ

29-char source abbrev: JOURNALISM MASS COMMUN

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Record 6 of 11

Author(s): MCLEOD DM; EVELAND WP; SIGNORIELLI N

Title: CONFLICT AND PUBLIC-OPINION - RALLYING EFFECTS OF THE PERSIAN-GULF-WAR

Source: JOURNALISM QUARTERLY 1994, Vol 71, Iss 1, pp 20-31

Abstract: This study examines the dissipation of ''rally effects'' in the aftermath of the Persian

Gulf War using data from a panel of 167 New Castle County (Delaware) respondents interviewed during

the war and one year later. Public support for the war and confidence in the president, Congress, and

the military declined significantly. Hostility toward antiwar protesters also diminished. The study

combines the ''rally around the flag'' literature from political science and functional conflict

theory from sociology to explain the impact of this major external conflict on support for government

institutions and intolerance for elements perceived as a potential threat.

Source item page count: 12

Publication Date: SPR

IDS No.: NQ800

29-char source abbrev: JOURNALISM QUART

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Record 7 of 11

Author(s): KRISHNAIAH J; SIGNORIELLI N; MCLEOD DM

Title: THE EVIL EMPIRE REVISITED - NEW-YORK-TIMES COVERAGE OF THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN AND

WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN

Source: JOURNALISM QUARTERLY 1993, Vol 70, Iss 3, pp 647-655

Abstract: This study examines the New York Times coverage of the Soviet intervention and withdrawal

from Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989. Changes in coverage are examined in the context of easing

tensions between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union. Findings indicate that the treatment Of major

story elements was consistent with Herman and Chomsky's propaganda framework. However, changes in the

tone of coverage may imply a slight weakening in the explanatory power of the propaganda framework as

anti-Soviet ideology diminished.

Source item page count: 9

Publication Date: FAL

IDS No.: MK834

29-char source abbrev: JOURNALISM QUART

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Record 8 of 11

Author(s): de Vreese CH; Peter J; Semetko HA

Title: Framing politics at the launch of the euro: A cross-national comparative study of frames in

the news

Source: POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 2001, Vol 18, Iss 2, pp 107-122

Abstract: This study of the main evening television news programs in four European countries focuses

on the framing of news surrounding a major European event, the January 1, 1999, introduction of the

common European currency, the euro. We investigated the visibility of political and economic news in

general and of the launch of the euro in particular. We found variations across countries in the

emphasis on political and economic news, with the proportion of the newscast normally devoted to

these subjects ranging from 45% to 60%. Journalists in all countries were more likely to emphasize

conflict (rather than economic consequences) in framing general political and economic news. In the

coverage of the launch of the euro, there was a greater emphasis on framing the news in terms of

economic consequences. The findings are discussed in terms of influences on framing practices

internal and external to journalism and the value of the cross-national comparative approach.

Source item page count: 16

Publication Date: APR-JUN

IDS No.: 434JC

29-char source abbrev: POLIT COMMUN

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Record 9 of 11

Author(s): Mermin J

Title: Conflict in the sphere of consensus? Critical reporting on the Panama invasion and the Gulf

War

Source: POLITICAL COMMUNICATION 1996, Vol 13, Iss 2, pp 181-194

Abstract: The indexing hypothesis holds that when there is consensus in Washington, media coverage

supports, and in effect promotes, government policy. This is surprising, as American journalists

believe that they are not merely chroniclers of official words and deeds. The indexing hypothesis is

correct that journalists are not likely to question a policy decision that wins bipartisan support in

Washington. What they are likely to question is the ability of the government to execute a decision

it has made, investigating the possibility that existing policy, on its own terms, might not work.

This form of journalism finds conflicting possibilities in the government's effectiveness in

achieving its own goals, but does not present the policy decision that set those goals in the first

place as open to critical analysis and debate. This article explores this critical angle in coverage

of three military interventions that won bipartisan support in Washington. Although I argue that this

form of critical coverage makes only a limited contribution to the public sphere, it may explain the

perception outside the media studies literature that American journalists are independent and

critical of government.

Source item page count: 14

Publication Date: APR-JUN

IDS No.: UT367

29-char source abbrev: POLIT COMMUN

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Record 10 of 11

Author(s): NORRANDER B; WILCOX C

Title: RALLYING AROUND THE FLAG AND PARTISAN CHANGE - THE CASE OF THE PERSIAN-GULF-WAR

Source: POLITICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY 1993, Vol 46, Iss 4, pp 759-770

Abstract: The Persian Gulf war boosted President George Bush's popularity in the classic

rally-around-the-flag pattern. This paper explores whether such a rally has additional effects by

influencing partisan attachments. We find that small shifts in party indentification and slightly

larger changes in party affect can be explained by people's reactions to the Gulf war. Thus foreign

policy rallies can be added to the growing list of variables which explain fluctuations in party

identification.

Source item page count: 12

Publication Date: DEC

IDS No.: MP555

29-char source abbrev: POLIT RES QUART

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Record 11 of 11

Author(s): BOWEN GL

Title: PRESIDENTIAL ACTION AND PUBLIC-OPINION ABOUT UNITED-STATES NICARAGUAN POLICY - LIMITS TO THE

RALLY ROUND THE FLAG SYNDROME

Source: PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS 1989, Vol 22, Iss 4, pp 793-800

Source item page count: 8

Publication Date: DEC

IDS No.: CC822

29-char source abbrev: PS-POLIT SCI POLIT

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Record 1 of 4

Author(s): SHAMIR J

Title: INFORMATION CUES AND INDICATORS OF THE CLIMATE OF OPINION - THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE THEORY IN

THE INTIFADA

Source: COMMUNICATION RESEARCH 1995, Vol 22, Iss 1, pp 24-53

Abstract: This article explores the informational assumptions in Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence

theory. It is based empirically on data from in-depth interviews employing the ''thinking aloud''

protocols methodology, and survey data from Israel during the Intifada. Our respondents base their

estimates of the climate of opinion on a broader, sounder, and more robust information array than the

rather narrow and socially based overt opinion expression cues assumed by Noelle-Neumann. Different

information cues are used for assessing opinion distributions and opinion trends. Aggregate trend

analysis further supports the inconsistency between these alternative indicators of the climate of

opinion. These results are discussed with the framework of structural constraints and major competing

approaches to public opinion. The information environment is suggested to be the primary factor in

specifying the role of social adjustment mechanisms versus event information in determining the

direction in which public opinion evolves.

Source item page count: 30

Publication Date: FEB

IDS No.: QF892

29-char source abbrev: COMMUN RES

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Record 2 of 4

Author(s): Neuwirth K

Title: Testing the spiral of silence model: The case of Mexico

Source: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH 2000, Vol 12, Iss 2, pp 138-159

Abstract: This exploratory study, a survey of 305 heads of household in Monterrey; Mexico,

investigated public opinion during a six-month period in 1982 which saw a changeover of presidential

incumbents. During the transition, respondents were polled about their willingness to express their

opinion about the outgoing and incoming presidents. Overall, the results provided support for the

spiral of silence approach. Path analysis revealed that exposure and attention to the mass media were

associated with both knowledge holding and perceptions of majority opinion. interpersonal discussion

of politics was associated with knowledge. And knowledge also was related to one's own opinion and

perceived present: and future majority opinion. Present majority opinion was linked to willingness to

enter a political discussion. And holding positive or negative cognitions was related to expressing

favorable or unfavorable comments about each political figure. Recommendations for alternative ways

of assessing fear of isolation, expanded sampling frames, trading power shifts, and assessing

perceptions of power are discussed.

Source item page count: 22

Publication Date: SUM

IDS No.: 337TH

29-char source abbrev: INT J PUBLIC OPIN RES

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Record 3 of 4

Author(s): CALLAGHAN KJ; VIRTANEN S

Title: REVISED MODELS OF THE RALLY PHENOMENON - THE CASE OF THE CARTER PRESIDENCY

Source: JOURNAL OF POLITICS 1993, Vol 55, Iss 3, pp 756-764

Abstract: This research note reports an examination of presidential approval ratings during the Iran

hostage crisis. Models of intervention and transfer function are estimated by way of Box-Jenkins and

Box-Tiao analysis using Gallup opinion data from january 1976 to December 1979. Although it is fairly

well accepted that the hostage crisis precipitated a ''rally-round-the-flag'' effect for President

Carter, an examination of popularity dynamics reveals the unique influence of the crisis on

Independents, a finding that suggests the need to revise the traditional view of the rally

phenomenon.

Source item page count: 9

Publication Date: AUG

IDS No.: LP853

29-char source abbrev: J POLIT

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Record 4 of 4

Author(s): ALLEN B; OLOUGHLIN P; JASPERSON A; SULLIVAN JL

Title: THE MEDIA AND THE GULF-WAR - FRAMING, PRIMING, AND THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE

Source: POLITY 1994, Vol 27, Iss 2, pp 255-284

Abstract: This article analyzes the high and sustained levels of popular support for President

Bush's policies during the Gulf War using a composite model of public opinion formation drawing on

the rally around the flag effect noted by political scientists, the spiral of silence hypothesis

drawn from communications studies, and the concepts of priming and framing drawn from political

psychology. By linking the aggregate effects noted in the rally and spiral of silence hypotheses with

models of individual cognitive processes, the composite model explains, better than either the rally

or the spiral hypothesis alone, the sudden shift toward supporting the use of force on January 16,

1991 and the high levels of support that persisted through July.

Source item page count: 30

Publication Date: WIN

IDS No.: QE067

29-char source abbrev: POLITY

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